Rockeval pyrolysis and vitrinite reflectance techniques were developed in the 1970s, and basin modelling software for source rock maturity and petroleum generation appeared in the 1980s. Source rock assessment and hydrocarbon prospects of. Milligrams of carbon per gram or rock produced from the organic residue remaining after pyrolysis of kerogen is completed mg cg rock. Typical source rocks, usually shales or limestones, contain about 1% organic matter and at least 0. Petroleum source rock potential and thermal maturity. Source rock fundamentals source rocks result from a convergence of physical, biochemical and geologic processes that culminate in the formation of fine grained sedimentary rocks containing carbon and hydrogenrich organic matter. It is dominated by medium to high maturity source rocks with type ii kerogen. This is a measure of the organic carbon dioxide yield of the rock. Generally the source rock quality is fair to excellent, but the petroleum generation potential varies considerably.
Finn abstract burial history, thermal maturity, and timing of petroleum generation were modeled for eight key source rock horizons at. Analytical techniques for source rock geochemistry are also relatively recent. Us20120095687a1 method of predicting source rock thermal. Source rock evaluation in the lake chad area of the bornu basin, nigeria ola peter sunday1, adekoya john adeyinka 2 and olabode solomon ojo1. Finn abstract burial history, thermal maturity, and timing of petroleum generation were modeled for eight key sourcerock horizons at. Pdf source rock quality and maturity and oil types in. The essential elements of a petroleum system include a petroleum source rock, reservoir rock, seal rock, and overburden rock, while the processes that are required for. This study provides an evaluation of the source rock quality, maturity and distribution and of the oils in this area. The fiii and fiv members show significant lateral changes in gene ration capacity, the bestdeveloped source rocks occurring in the basin centre. Maturity is established using a combination of geochemical and basin modelling techniques rocks with high total organic carbon, termed source rocks, will alter under increasing temperature such that the organic molecules slowly mature into hydrocarbons see diagenesis. Evaluation of the quality, thermal maturity and distribution. Jan 01, 2010 this study provides an evaluation of the source rock quality, maturity and distribution and of the oils in this area. Modified method for estimating petroleum sourcerock.
Maturity and sourcerock potential of palaeozoic sediments in the nw. Again, a thick source rock package developed west of the jawf subbasin, with the depocenter located in the tayma area. Rocks of marine origin tend to be oilprone, whereas terrestrial source rocks such as coal tend to be gas. Historically, source rock maturity has been studied through programmed pyrolysis such as rock eval, vitrinite reflectance, log interpretation or basin modeling. Novel maturity parameters for mature to overmature source. Geological setting anambra basin is located in the southeastern part of nigeria. They provide information on the kerogen type, sedimentary environment, effective source rock identification and its thermal maturity. There is limited toc and maturity data for this source rock the abenaki subbasin, though probably has significant upside potential. Petroleum source rocks characterization and hydrocarbon. The source rock thermal maturity evolution in the chagan depression is controlled by the paleogeothermal fields during the yingen formation depositional periods. The kerogen in the farsund formation is algalderived, and kerogen type ranges from type ii to type iii. Hydrogen index as a maturity proxy some pitfalls and how. The aeolian sandstone is an excellent reservoir rock and is generally capped by thick layers of salt that potentially form a tight cap rock.
The maturity of a source rock can also be used as an indicator of its hydrocarbon potential. This implies that the akata formation is the major contributing source rock while the agbada formation is the minor contributing source rock. That is, if a rock is submature, then it has a much higher potential to generate further hydrocarbons than one that is overmature. The spi for oil and gas are calculated from thermal maturity and net richness values, net richness being the thickness of effective or net source rock times the. Hydrocarbon source rock characterization, burial history. High organic productivity preservation anoxic conditions chain of thermal maturation.
The geochemistry laboratories provide detailed oil reservoir source rock evaluation total quality assurance services that includes toc determination, source rock potential determination through rock eval pyrolysis and source rock proclivity and maturity determination utilizing vitrinite reflectance and visual kerogen typing techniques. Baoxiang wu, a gen wang, a, b zepeng sun, a, b liang xu, a, b shenzhen zhu, a, b lina sun, a, b and zhifu wei a. The amount and type of organic material incorporated into a. Results reveal that only a small amount of hydrocarbons is being or has been generated in situ at teapot dome. The broadest element in source rock evaluation is the total organic carbon, or toc, of a rock. Hydrogen index as a maturity proxy some pitfalls and how to. Source rock matures with continuous burial and subsidence, a producing source rock still undergoes burial which fosters continuous maturation. Recently, a new pyrolysis instrument the source rock analyzer has come to market. Source rock potential and thermal maturity of the tertiary lignite series in the ogwashiasaba formation. In petroleum geology, the term source rock refers to rocks in which hydrocarbons have been generated or are capable of hydrocarbon generation. All samples were analysed for bulk geochemical parameters i. In evaluating stone sources many laboratory methods are used.
Submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of doctor of philosophy. Note that the sourcerockquality map does not extend bey. Hydrocarbon source rock characterization, burial history, and thermal maturity of the steele, niobrara and mowry formations at teapot dome, wyoming. Lower cretaceous source rock evaluation and thermal maturity. A rock rich in organic matter which, if heated sufficiently, will generate oil or gas. Method of predicting source rock thermal maturity from log responses download pdf info publication number us20120095687a1. Source rock potential and thermal maturity of the tertiary. Aromatic hydrocarbons are important fraction in crude oil and source rock bitumen. Pdf petroleum source rocks characterization and hydrocarbon. Basic petroleum geochemistry for source rock evaluation. The hydrogen index decreases with increasing depth into the basin.
In the present study, core samples from three deep boreholes in. Burial history, thermal maturity, and oil and gas generation history of petroleum systems in the southwestern wyoming province, wyoming, colorado, and utah by laura n. Areas of inferred sourcerock quality south of well control are based on sequence stratigraphic interpretations houseknecht and bird, 2 004, seismic observations, and outcrops of the kingak shale and coeval rocks in the brooks range foothills. Maturity and sourcerock potential of palaeozoic sediments. Results are often presented as a mean r o value based on all vitrinite particles measured in an individual sample. They are one of the necessary elements of a working petroleum system. The parent rock is one of the main elements of the hydrocarbon system in this case the thermal maturity or temperature is the factor to determine whether the host rock can produce oil, gas, and condensate.
Pdf maturity and sourcerock potential of palaeozoic. Source rock assessment and hydrocarbon prospects of anambra. They are organicrich sediments that may have been deposited in a variety of environments. Among the various techniques available, the geochemical technique involving total organic carbon content toc and rock eval pyrolysis are regularly being used in hydrocarbon exploration. Source rock maturity measured by vitrinite reflectance of coal vitrinite reflectance take home points on source. Toc is the weigh percent of organic carbon present in a rock which is measured by the amount of co2 released through combustion. When we analyze a rock sample in the laboratory, we actually measure its remaining or untapped source capacity at the present day. Novel maturity parameters for mature to overmature source rocks and oils based on the distribution of phenanthrene series compounds. Historically, sourcerock maturity has been studied through programmed pyrolysis such as rockeval, vitrinite reflectance, log interpretation or basin modeling. This involved outcrop observation, description and collection of rock samples for laboratory analysis. Besides pointing to zones of high petroleum potential within a sedimentary basin, subsurface mapping of a source rocks degree of thermal maturity is also the basic tool to identify and broadly delineate shale gas plays.
Determination of sourcerock thermal maturity by direct. Discussion of rockeval pyrolysis maturity results for. Source rock analysis, thermal maturation and hydrocarbon. This chapter overviews the petroleum source rocks characterization and hydrocarbon generation, based on organic geochemical characteristics e. However, apart from mamu formation, nkporo result shows that six out of ten shale samples and for nsukka formation, four samples out of six samples, fall within the mature source rock and thermally mature source rock table 2 that can generate hydrocarbon in the basin. This basin is filled mainly by lower permian aeolian desert sediments and volcanics, plus upper permian evaporitic sediments. Purchase of an open document does not constitute license for republication in any form, nor does it allow web posting without prior written permission.
Source rock quality and maturity and oil types in the nw. Source rock potential and thermal maturity of the tertiary lignite series in the ogwashiasaba formation, southern nigeria. The study of the different maturation parameters obtained from rockeval pyrolysis, such as tmax and vitrinite reflectance, reflects that the considered rock units are. R o is commonly used to describe the thermal maturity of source rocks with respect to crude oil or.
Lower cretaceous source rock evaluation and thermal. Evaluating source rock maturity using multisample kinetic parameters from the bakken formation miss. Petroleum source rocks, maturation and thermal history. In the present study, core samples from three deep boreholes in krishna. Guidelines for evaluating petroleum source rock using. The baiyingebi 2 formation is the most important medium to good source rock in the chagan depression. Several methods are used to determine levels of thermal maturation of petroleum source rocks. Among the various techniques available, the geochemical technique involving total organic carbon content toc and rockeval pyrolysis are regularly being used in hydrocarbon exploration.
In order to evaluate source rock maturity, we used basin. Vitrinite reflectance is a measure of the percentage of incident light reflected from the surface of vitrinite particles in a sedimentary rock. The northern permian basin is located in the offshore area ssw of norway, nnw of denmark and east of scotland. Pdf basic petroleum geochemistry for source rock evaluation. Evaluating source rock maturity using multisample kinetic. Paper open access evaluation of organic matters, hydrocarbon. A source rock is a rock that is capable of generating or that has generated movable quantities of hydrocarbons the first factor to be assessed in an exploration play in an area yet to be drilled is whether a source rock is present. Petroleum source rock potential and thermal maturity, palo duro basin, texas downloadable pdf. What is a source rock sr a source rock is a fine grained rock that is capable of generating or that has generated movable quantities of hydrocarbons law, 1999 a source may be termed potential source rock if it hasnt been sufficiently cooked immature. A method for estimating a property of an earth formation, the method includes.
Source rock quality and maturity and oil types in the nw danish central graben. In petroleum geology, the maturity of a rock is a measure of its state in terms of hydrocarbon generation. Hydrocarbon source rock characterization, burial history, and. Novel maturity parameters for mature to overmature source rocks and oils based on the distribution of phenanthrene series compounds zixiang wang, a, b yongli wang, a.
This study combines hydrocarbon source rock characterization, burial history and thermal maturity basin modeling. A thick source rock package developed west of the jawf subbasin during early silurian time. The section in the mic mac h86 well showed that the toc ranged between 24%, with a thermal maturity of ro0. Rockeval pyrolysis is used to rapidly evaluate the petro leumgenerative potential and thermal maturity of rocks. Petroleum gener ated by thermally mature source rock is expelled into a porous and permeable carrier bed and. Source rock potential and thermal maturity of the eocene. Petroleum source rocks, maturation and thermal history, onshore tasmania.
Besides pointing to zones of high petroleum potential within a sedimentary basin, subsurface mapping of a source rock s degree of thermal maturity is also the basic tool to identify and broadly delineate shale gas plays. Source rock potential is evaluated based on three parameters organic amount, organic type, and maturity. Map of the study area with the photograph inserted ii. S3 is an indication of the amount of oxygen in the kerogen. Pdf hydrocarbon source rock characterization, burial. Pdf the northern permian basin is located in the offshore area ssw of norway, nnw of denmark and east of scotland. The depositional environment, source potential and maturity of organic. The guyana basin contains a worldclass source rock of late cretaceous age, but no hydrocarbon fields have yet been discovered offshore. Pdf source rock quality and maturity and oil types in the. The source rock geochemistry findings reported for this study incorporate both legacy and newlygenerated data for uticapoint pleasant and equivalent samples collected in the basin, and include evaluations of organic matter content, quality and thermal maturity. Burial history, thermal maturity, and oil and gas generation.
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